药品详细
Erythromycin (红霉素 )
化学结构式图
中文名
红霉素
英文名
Erythromycin
分子式
Not Available
化学名
(3R,4S,5S,6R,7R,9R,11R,12R,13S,14R)-6-{[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-14-ethyl-7,12,13-trihydroxy-4-{[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-1-oxacyclotetradecane-2,10-dione
分子量
Average: 733.9268
Monoisotopic: 733.461241235
Monoisotopic: 733.461241235
CAS号
114-07-8
ATC分类
D10A Anti-Acne Preparations for Topical Use;J01F 未知;S01A 抗感染药
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
商品名
Abboticin;Abomacetin;Ak-mycin;Akne-Mycin;Aknin;Benzamycin;Benzamycin Pak;Bristamycin;Dotycin;Dumotrycin;E-Base;E-Glades;E-Mycin;E-Solve 2;Emgel;EMU;Eritrocina;Ermycin;Ery-Sol;Ery-Tab;Eryc;Eryc 125;Eryc Sprinkles;Erycen;Erycette;Erycin;Erycinum;Eryderm;Erygel;Erymax;Erypar;Erythra-Derm;Erythro;Erythro-Statin;Erythrogran;Erythroguent;Erythromast 36;Erythromid;Erythromycin A;Erythromycin B;Ethril 250;ETS;Ilocaps;Ilosone;Ilotycin;Ilotycin Gluceptate;IndermRetcin;Kesso-Mycin;Mephamycin;Pantomicina;Pce;Pfizer-e;Propiocine;R-P Mycin;Robimycin;Sansac;Serp-AFD;Stiemycin;Taimoxin-F;Theramycin Z;Torlamicina;Wemid;Wyamycin S;
同义名
EM;Erythrocin;Erythrocin Stearate;Erythromycin estolate;Erythromycin ethylsuccinate;Erythromycin glucoheptonate;Erythromycin lactobionate;Erythromycin oxime;Erythromycin Stearate;
基本介绍
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits; binding inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. Erythromycin may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the organism and drug concentration.
生产厂家
- Abbott laboratories chemical and agricultural products div
- Abbott laboratories pharmaceutical products div
- Abraxis pharmaceutical products
- Ah robins co
- Akorn inc
- Alpharma us pharmaceuticals division
- Altana inc
- Barr laboratories inc
- Bausch and lomb pharmaceuticals inc
- Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
- Bioglan pharma inc
- Bristol laboratories inc div bristol myers co
- Bristol myers squibb co
- Dista products co div eli lilly and co
- Dow pharmaceutical sciences inc
- E fougera div altana inc
- Eli lilly and co
- Elkins sinn div ah robins co inc
- Hi tech pharmacal co inc
- Hospira inc
- Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
- Lederle laboratories div american cyanamid co
- Life laboratories inc
- Lilly research laboratories div eli lilly and co
- Merz pharmaceuticals llc
- Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
- Naska pharmacal co inc div rugby darby group cosmetics
- Orthoneutrogena
- Paddock laboratories inc
- Parke davis div warner lambert co
- Perrigo co
- Perrigo new york inc
- Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
- Pharmacia and upjohn co
- Pharmaderm div altana inc
- Pharmafair inc
- Purepac pharmaceutical co
- Ross laboratories div abbott laboratories inc
- Solvay pharmaceuticals
- Stiefel laboratories inc
- Syosset laboratories inc
- Taro pharmaceuticals north america inc
- Teva parenteral medicines inc
- Versapharm inc
- Warner chilcott div warner lambert co
- Warner chilcott inc
- Watson laboratories inc
- Westwood squibb pharmaceuticals inc
- Wockhardt eu operations (swiss) ag
- Wyeth ayerst laboratories
封装厂家
参考
Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
General Reference |
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剂型
Form | Route | Strength |
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Capsule, coated | Oral | |
Liquid | Dental | |
Liquid | Oral | |
Ointment | Ophthalmic | |
Powder | Intravenous | |
Powder | Oral | |
Powder, for solution | Intravenous | |
Powder, for solution | Oral | |
Powder, for suspension | Oral | |
Suspension | Oral | |
Tablet | Oral |
规格
Unit description | Cost | Unit |
---|---|---|
Benzamycin 5-3% Gel 46.6 gm Jar | 236.63 USD | jar |
BenzamycinPak 60 5-3% Packets (2 Box Contains 60 Packets) | 142.45 USD | packet |
Erythromycin 2% Gel 60 gm Tube | 46.8 USD | tube |
Erycette 60 2% Pad Box | 30.99 USD | box |
Erythromycin 2% Gel 30 gm Tube | 26.2 USD | tube |
Erythromycin 2% Solution 60ml Bottle | 26.13 USD | bottle |
Eryderm 2% Solution 60ml Bottle | 25.99 USD | bottle |
Erythromycin 5 mg/gm Ointment Limited Supply Available. | 13.99 USD | tube |
Benzamycin gel | 4.95 USD | g |
Akne-mycin 2% ointment | 3.96 USD | g |
PCE 500 mg Enteric Coated Tabs | 3.28 USD | tab |
Pce 500 mg dispertab | 3.03 USD | tablet |
PCE 333 mg Enteric Coated Tabs | 2.48 USD | tab |
Erythromycin e.s. powder | 2.39 USD | g |
Benzamycinpak gel | 2.37 USD | gel |
Pce 333 mg dispertab | 2.3 USD | tablet |
Romycin eye ointment | 1.98 USD | g |
Erythromycin eye ointment | 1.44 USD | g |
Pms-Erythromycin 0.5 % Ointment | 1.3 USD | g |
Emgel 2% topical gel | 1.07 USD | g |
Ery-Tab 500 mg Enteric Coated Tabs | 0.93 USD | tab |
Ery-tab 500 mg tablet ec | 0.77 USD | tablet |
Ery-Tab 333 mg Enteric Coated Tabs | 0.72 USD | tab |
Erythro-rx powder | 0.72 USD | g |
Erythromycin ec 500 mg tablet | 0.66 USD | tablet |
Erythromycin Base 500 mg tablet | 0.61 USD | tablet |
Eryc 333 mg Capsule (Enteric-Coated Pellet) | 0.6 USD | capsule |
Apo-Erythro-S 500 mg Tablet | 0.57 USD | tablet |
E-mycin 333 mg tablet ec | 0.54 USD | tablet |
Eryc 250 mg Capsule (Enteric-Coated Pellet) | 0.54 USD | capsule |
Erythromycin powder | 0.54 USD | g |
Erythromycin 2% gel | 0.5 USD | g |
Erythromycin Base 250 mg Enteric Coated Capsule | 0.5 USD | capsule |
Erythromycin Base 250 mg tablet | 0.5 USD | tablet |
Ery-tab ec 500 mg tablet | 0.46 USD | tablet |
Apo-Erythro E-C 333 mg Capsule (Enteric-Coated Pellet) | 0.45 USD | capsule |
Ery-Tab 250 mg Enteric Coated Tabs | 0.45 USD | tab |
Erythromycin st 500 mg tablet | 0.44 USD | tablet |
Apo-Erythro E-C 250 mg Capsule (Enteric-Coated Pellet) | 0.41 USD | capsule |
Ery-tab 333 mg tablet ec | 0.4 USD | tablet |
Apo-Erythro-Es 600 mg Tablet | 0.35 USD | tablet |
Erythromycin 500 mg filmtab | 0.3 USD | tablet |
Erythrocin 500 mg filmtab | 0.29 USD | tablet |
Ery-tab 250 mg tablet ec | 0.27 USD | tablet |
E.e.s. 400 filmtab | 0.25 USD | tablet |
Erythromycin 250 mg filmtab | 0.25 USD | tablet |
Erythromycin es 400 mg tablet | 0.25 USD | tablet |
Apo-Erythro-S 250 mg Tablet | 0.22 USD | tablet |
Apo-Erythro Base 250 mg Tablet | 0.19 USD | tablet |
Erythrocin 250 mg filmtab | 0.16 USD | tablet |
Novo-Rythro Ees 80 mg/ml Suspension | 0.15 USD | ml |
Novo-Rythro Estolate 50 mg/ml Suspension | 0.13 USD | ml |
Novo-Rythro Ees 40 mg/ml Suspension | 0.1 USD | ml |
化合物类型
Type | small molecule |
Classes |
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Substructures |
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适应症
antibacterials 抗细菌;
药理
Indication | For use in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in the following diseases: respiratory tract infections (upper and lower) of mild to moderate degree, pertussis (whooping cough), as adjunct to antitoxin in infections due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae, in the treatment of infections due to Corynebacterium minutissimum, intestinal amebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica, acute pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, skin and soft tissue infections of mild to moderate severity caused by Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, primary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum, infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, nongonococcal urethritis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila. | ||||||||||
Pharmacodynamics | Erythromycin is produced by a strain of Streptomyces erythraeus and belongs to the macrolide group of antibiotics. After absorption, erythromycin diffuses readily into most body fluids. In the absence of meningeal inflammation, low concentrations are normally achieved in the spinal fluid, but the passage of the drug across the blood-brain barrier increases in meningitis. Erythromycin is excreted in breast milk. The drug crosses the placental barrier with fetal serum drug levels reaching 5 - 20% of maternal serum concentrations. Erythromycin is not removed by peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. | ||||||||||
Mechanism of action | Erythromycin acts by penetrating the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly binding to the 50 S subunit of bacterial ribosomes or near the “P” or donor site so that binding of tRNA (transfer RNA) to the donor site is blocked. Translocation of peptides from the “A” or acceptor site to the “P” or donor site is prevented, and subsequent protein synthesis is inhibited. Erythromycin is effective only against actively dividing organisms. The exact mechanism by which erythmromycin reduces lesions of acne vulgaris is not fully known: however, the effect appears to be due in part to the antibacterial activity of the drug. | ||||||||||
Absorption | Orally administered erythromycin base and its salts are readily absorbed in the microbiologically active form. Topical application of the ophthalmic ointment to the eye may result in absorption into the cornea and aqueous humor. | ||||||||||
Volume of distribution | Not Available | ||||||||||
Protein binding | Erythromycin is largely bound to plasma proteins, ranging from 75 - 95% binding depending on the form. | ||||||||||
Metabolism |
Hepatic. Extensively metabolized - after oral administration, less than 5% of the administered dose can be recovered in the active form in the urine. Erythromycin is partially metabolized by CYP3A4 resulting in numerous drug interactions.
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Route of elimination | Not Available | ||||||||||
Half life | 0.8 - 3 hours | ||||||||||
Clearance | Not Available | ||||||||||
Toxicity | Symptoms of overdose include diarrhea, nausea, stomach cramps, and vomiting. | ||||||||||
Affected organisms |
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Pathways |
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理化性质
Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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State | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point | 191 oC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Experimental Properties |
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Predicted Properties |
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药物相互作用
Drug | Interaction |
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Acenocoumarol | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol. |
Alfentanil | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of alfentanil. |
Alprazolam | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, alprazolam. |
Aminophylline | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of the theophylline derivative, aminophylline. |
Amiodarone | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Anisindione | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione. |
Aprepitant | Erythromycin, a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the effect and toxicity of aprepitant. |
Artemether | Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided. |
Astemizole | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Atorvastatin | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the toxicity of the statin, atorvastatin. |
Bretylium | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arryhthmias |
Bromazepam | Erythromcyin may increase the serum concentration of bromazepam by decreasing its metabolism. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of bromazepam if erythromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. Dosage adjustments may be required. |
Bromocriptine | Erythromycin increases serum levels of bromocriptine |
Buspirone | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of buspirone. |
Cabergoline | Erythromycin increases serum levels and toxicity of cabergoline |
Carbamazepine | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect of carbamazepine. |
Cerivastatin | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the toxicity of the statin, cerivastatin. |
Cilostazol | Erythromycin increases the effect of cilostazol |
Cinacalcet | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the serum concentration and toxicity of cinacalcet. |
Cisapride | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Citalopram | Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination |
Clozapine | Erythromycin increases the effect of clozapine |
Colchicine | Severe colchicine toxicity can occur |
Cyclosporine | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect of cyclosporine. |
Diazepam | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, diazepam. |
Dicumarol | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.. |
Digoxin | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect of digoxin in 10% of patients. |
Dihydroergotamine | Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combination |
Dihydroergotoxine | Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combination |
Disopyramide | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Divalproex sodium | Erythromycin increases the effect of valproic acid |
Docetaxel | Erythromycin may increase the serum levels and toxicity of docetaxel. |
Dofetilide | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Dyphylline | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of the theophylline derivative, dyphylline. |
Eletriptan | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of eletriptan. |
Eplerenone | This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases the effect and toxicity of eplerenone |
Ergonovine | Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combination |
Ergotamine | Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combination |
Erlotinib | This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases levels/toxicity of erlotinib |
Everolimus | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the serum concentration and toxicity of everolimus. |
Felodipine | Erythromycin increases the effect of felodipine |
Fluoxetine | Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination |
Gefitinib | This CYP3A4 inhibitor increases levels/toxicity of gefitinib |
Grepafloxacin | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Imatinib | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the serum concentration of imatinib. |
Itraconazole | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of itraconazole. |
Levofloxacin | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Lincomycin | Possible antagonism of action with this combination. |
Lovastatin | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the toxicity of the statin, lovastatin. |
Lumefantrine | Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided. |
Mesoridazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Methylergonovine | Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combination |
Methylprednisolone | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect of corticosteroid, methylprednisolone. |
Methysergide | Possible ergotism and severe ischemia with this combination |
Midazolam | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, midazolam. |
Moxifloxacin | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Oxtriphylline | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of the theophylline derivative, oxtriphylline. |
Pimozide | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Quetiapine | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of quetiapine. |
Quinidine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Quinidine barbiturate | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Quinupristin | This combination presents an increased risk of toxicity |
Ranolazine | Increased levels of ranolazine - risk of toxicity |
Repaglinide | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect of repaglinide. |
Rifabutin | The rifamycin, rifabutin, may decrease the effect of the macrolide, erythromycin. |
Rifampin | The rifamycin, rifampin, may decrease the effect of the macrolide, erythromycin. |
Ritonavir | Increased toxicity of both agents |
Sertraline | Possible serotoninergic syndrome with this combination |
Sibutramine | Erythromycin increases the effect and toxicity of sibutramine |
Sildenafil | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of sildenafil. |
Simvastatin | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the toxicity of the statin, simvastatin. |
Sirolimus | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the serum concentration of sirolimus. |
Sotalol | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Sparfloxacin | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Tacrolimus | Additive QTc-prolongation may occur increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution. The macrolide antibiotic, erythromycin, may also increase the blood concentration of tacrolimus. |
Tamsulosin | Erythromycin, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Erythromycin is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed. |
Telithromycin | Telithromycin may reduce clearance of Erythromycin. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Erythromycin if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. |
Terfenadine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Theophylline | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect and toxicity of theophylline. |
Thioridazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
Thiothixene | May cause additive QTc-prolonging effects. Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. Thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration. |
Topotecan | The p-glycoprotein inhibitor, Erythromycin, may increase the bioavailability of oral Topotecan. A clinically significant effect is also expected with IV Topotecan. Concomitant therapy should be avoided. |
Toremifene | Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. A thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration. |
Tramadol | Erythromycin may increase Tramadol toxicity by decreasing Tramadol metabolism and clearance. |
Trazodone | The CYP3A4 inhibitor, Erythromycin , may increase Trazodone efficacy/toxicity by decreasing Trazodone metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in Trazodone efficacy/toxicity if Erythromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. |
Triazolam | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, triazolam. |
Trimipramine | Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution. |
Valproic Acid | The macrolide antibiotic, Erythromycin, may increase the serum concentratin of Valproic acid. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in Valproic acid therapeutic and adverse effects if Erythromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. |
Vardenafil | Erythromycin, a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, may reduce the metabolism and clearance of vardenafil. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of vardenafil if erythromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. |
Verapamil | Erythromycin, a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of veramapil, a CYP3A4 substrate, by decreasing its metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of verapamil if erythromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. |
Vinblastine | Erythromycin, a CYP3A4 and p-glycoprotein inhibitor, may increase the vinblastine serum concentration and distribution in certain cells. Consider alternate therapy to avoid vinblastine toxicity. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of vinblastine if erythromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. |
Vincristine | Erythromycin, a CYP3A4 and p-glycoprotein inhibitor, may increase the Vincristine serum concentration and distribution in certain cells. Consider alternate therapy to avoid Vincristine toxicity. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Vincristine if Erythromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. |
Vinorelbine | Erythromycin, a CYP3A4 and p-glycoprotein inhibitor, may increase the Vinorelbine serum concentration and distribution in certain cells. Consider alternate therapy to avoid Vinorelbine toxicity. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Vinorelbine if Erythromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. |
Voriconazole | Voriconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase the serum concentration of erythromycin by decreasing its metabolism. Erythromycin may increase the serum concentration of voriconazole by decreasing its metabolism. Additive QTc prolongation may also occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation and changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of both agents if concomitant therapy is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. |
Vorinostat | Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP). |
Warfarin | The macrolide, erythromycin, may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. |
Zafirlukast | Erythromycin may decrease the serum concentration and effect of zafirlukast. |
Ziprasidone | Additive QTc-prolonging effects may increase the risk of severe arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated. |
Zopiclone | The macrolide antibiotic, erythromycin, may increase the serum concentration of zopiclone. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of zopiclone if erythromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed. |
Zuclopenthixol | Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or use caution and monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP). |
食物相互作用
- Avoid alcohol.
- Take on empty stomach: 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
- Take with a full glass of water Avoid taking with grapefruit juice.