Allocaine;Anticort;Chloroprocaine Hcl;Diethylaminoethyl P-Aminobenzoate;Duracaine;Duracillin A.S.;Gerovital;Gerovital H-3;Jenacain;Jenacaine;Neocaine;Nesacaine;Nissocaine;Norocaine;Novocain;Novocaine;P-Aminobenzoyldiethylaminoethanol;Penicillin G Procaine;Pfizerpen-As;Procain;Procaine Hcl;Procaine Hydrochloride;Procaine, Base;Scurocaine;Spinocaine;Vitamin H3;

procaine HCl;

A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016). [PubChem]

• Abraxis pharmaceutical products
• Bel mar laboratories inc
• Consolidated pharmaceutical group inc
• Eli lilly and co
• Elkins sinn div ah robins co inc
• Gd searle llc
• Hospira inc
• King pharmaceuticals inc
• Miles laboratories inc
• Parke davis div warner lambert co
• Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
• Watson laboratories inc

• APP Pharmaceuticals
• Hospira Inc.
• King Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Merit Pharmaceuticals
• Monarch Pharmacy
• Physicians Total Care Inc.
• Prescript Pharmaceuticals
• Smiths Medical ASD Inc.
• Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
• Torrance Co.

Synthesis Reference	Not Available
General Reference	Gentry CL, Lukas RJ: Local anesthetics noncompetitively inhibit function of four distinct nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Dec;299(3):1038-48. Pubmed

Type	small molecule

Classes

Aminobenzoates

Substructures

Aminobenzoates Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Benzyl Alcohols and Derivatives Acetates Benzoates Aliphatic and Aryl Amines Ethers Benzene and Derivatives Aromatic compounds Benzoyl Derivatives Anilines

antibacterials 抗细菌;

Indication	Used as a local anesthetic primarily in oral surgery
Pharmacodynamics	Procaine is an anesthetic agent indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia, particularly for oral surgery. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine. Procaine is an ester anesthetic. It is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine.
Mechanism of action	Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex.
Absorption	Not Available
Volume of distribution	Not Available
Protein binding	Not Available
Metabolism	Hydrolysis by plasma esterases to PABA
Route of elimination	With normal kidney function, the drug is excreted rapidly by tubular excretion.
Half life	7.7 minutes
Clearance	Not Available
Toxicity	Not Available
Affected organisms	Humans and other mammals
Pathways	Pathway Name SMPDB ID Procaine Pathway SMP00402

Properties
State	solid
Experimental Properties	Property Value Source melting point 61 °C PhysProp water solubility 9450 mg/L (at 30 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) logP 2.14 AVDEEF,A (1997) logS -1.4 ADME Research, USCD pKa 8.05 (at 15 °C) PERRIN,DD (1965)
Predicted Properties	Property Value Source water solubility 6.81e+00 g/l ALOGPS logP 2.1 ALOGPS logP 1.88 ChemAxon logS -1.5 ALOGPS pKa (strongest basic) 8.96 ChemAxon physiological charge 1 ChemAxon hydrogen acceptor count 3 ChemAxon hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon polar surface area 55.56 ChemAxon rotatable bond count 7 ChemAxon refractivity 70.3 ChemAxon polarizability 26.81 ChemAxon

Not Available