药品详细
Mercaptopurine (巯嘌呤 )
化学结构式图
中文名
巯嘌呤
英文名
Mercaptopurine
分子式
Not Available
化学名
6,7-dihydro-3H-purine-6-thione
分子量
Average: 152.177
Monoisotopic: 152.015666838
Monoisotopic: 152.015666838
CAS号
50-44-2
ATC分类
L01B 抗代谢药
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
商品名
Ismipur;Leukerin;Leupurin;Mercaleukim;Mercaleukin;Mern;Puri-Nethol;Purimethol;Purinethol;
同义名
6 MP;6-Mercaptopurine;Mercaptopurine Monohydrate;Mercapurin;MP;
基本介绍
An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia. [PubChem]
生产厂家
- Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
- Prometheus laboratories inc
- Roxane laboratories inc
- Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
封装厂家
参考
| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
| General Reference | Not Available |
剂型
| Form | Route | Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Tablet | Oral |
规格
| Unit description | Cost | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Mercaptopurine powder | 33.97 USD | g |
| Purinethol 50 mg tablet | 6.09 USD | tablet |
| Mercaptopurine 50 mg tablet | 4.17 USD | tablet |
化合物类型
| Type | small molecule |
| Classes |
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| Substructures |
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适应症
Cancer 癌症;
药理
| Indication | For remission induction and maintenance therapy of acute lymphatic leukemia. | ||||||||||||
| Pharmacodynamics | Mercaptopurine is one of a large series of purine analogues which interfere with nucleic acid biosynthesis and has been found active against human leukemias. It is an analogue of the purine bases adenine and hypoxanthine. It is not known exactly which of any one or more of the biochemical effects of mercaptopurine and its metabolites are directly or predominantly responsible for cell death. | ||||||||||||
| Mechanism of action | Mercaptopurine competes with hypoxanthine and guanine for the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) and is itself converted to thioinosinic acid (TIMP). This intracellular nucleotide inhibits several reactions involving inosinic acid (IMP), including the conversion of IMP to xanthylic acid (XMP) and the conversion of IMP to adenylic acid (AMP) via adenylosuccinate (SAMP). In addition, 6-methylthioinosinate (MTIMP) is formed by the methylation of TIMP. Both TIMP and MTIMP have been reported to inhibit glutamine-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase, the first enzyme unique to the de novo pathway for purine ribonucleotide synthesis. Experiments indicate that radiolabeled mercaptopurine may be recovered from the DNA in the form of deoxythioguanosine. Some mercaptopurine is converted to nucleotide derivatives of 6-thioguanine (6-TG) by the sequential actions of inosinate (IMP) dehydrogenase and xanthylate (XMP) aminase, converting TIMP to thioguanylic acid (TGMP). | ||||||||||||
| Absorption | Clinical studies have shown that the absorption of an oral dose of mercaptopurine in humans is incomplete and variable, averaging approximately 50% of the administered dose. The factors influencing absorption are unknown. | ||||||||||||
| Volume of distribution | Not Available | ||||||||||||
| Protein binding | Plasma protein binding averages 19% over the concentration range 10 to 50 µg/mL (a concentration only achieved by intravenous administration of mercaptopurine at doses exceeding 5 to 10 mg/kg). | ||||||||||||
| Metabolism |
Hepatic. Degradation primarily by xanthine oxidase. The catabolism of mercaptopurine and its metabolites is complex. In humans, after oral administration of 35S-6-mercaptopurine, urine contains intact mercaptopurine, thiouric acid (formed by direct oxidation by xanthine oxidase, probably via 6-mercapto-8-hydroxypurine), and a number of 6-methylated thiopurines. The methylthiopurines yield appreciable amounts of inorganic sulfate. |
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| Route of elimination | Not Available | ||||||||||||
| Half life | Triphasic: 45 minutes, 2.5 hours, and 10 hours. | ||||||||||||
| Clearance | Not Available | ||||||||||||
| Toxicity | Signs and symptoms of overdosage may be immediate such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; or delayed such as myelosuppression, liver dysfunction, and gastroenteritis. The oral LD50 of mercaptopurine was determined to be 480 mg/kg in the mouse and 425 mg/kg in the rat. | ||||||||||||
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理化性质
| Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| State | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 313 oC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties |
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| Predicted Properties |
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药物相互作用
| Drug | Interaction |
|---|---|
| Acenocoumarol | Mercaptopurine may decrease the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol. |
| Allopurinol | Allopurinol may increase the effect of thiopurine, mercaptopurine. |
| Aminosalicylic Acid | Aminosalicylic acid may increase the toxicity of thiopurine, mercaptopurine. |
| Anisindione | Mercaptopurine may decrease the anticoagulant effect of anisindione. |
| Atracurium | The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxant |
| Dicumarol | Mercaptopurine may decrease the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol. |
| Doxacurium | The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxant |
| Gallamine Triethiodide | The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxant |
| Mesalazine | Mesalazine may increase the toxicity of thiopurine, mercaptopurine. |
| Metocurine | The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxant |
| Mivacurium | The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxant |
| Olsalazine | Olsalazine may increase the toxicity of thiopurine, mercaptopurine. |
| Pancuronium | The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxant |
| Sulfasalazine | Sulfasalazine may increase the toxicity of thiopurine, mercaptopurine. |
| Thioguanine | Complete cross resistance may occur. |
| Trastuzumab | Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events. |
| Tubocurarine | The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxant |
| Vecuronium | The agent dereases the effect of the muscle relaxant |
| Warfarin | Mercaptopurine may decrease the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. |
食物相互作用
- Preferably on an empty stomach, drink plenty of liquids, avoid alcohol.
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