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药品详细

Betaxolol(倍他洛尔)

化学结构式图
中文名
倍他洛尔
英文名
Betaxolol
分子式
C18H29NO3
化学名
(3-{4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy}-2-hydroxypropyl)(propan-2-yl)amine
分子量
Average: 307.4278
Monoisotopic: 307.214743799
CAS号
63659-18-7
ATC分类
C07A 未知;S01E 抗青光眼制剂及缩瞳药
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved
商品名
Betaxon;Betoptic;Betoptic S;Kerlone;
同义名
Betaxolol HCL;Betaxololum [INN-Latin];Betazolol;
基本介绍

A cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic antagonist with no partial agonist activity. [PubChem]

生产厂家
  • Akorn inc
  • Alcon inc
  • Alcon laboratories inc
  • Bausch and lomb pharmaceuticals inc
  • Epic pharma llc
  • Kvk tech inc
  • Novex pharma
  • Sanofi aventis us llc
  • Wockhardt ltd
封装厂家
参考
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Canotilho J, Castro RA: The structure of betaxolol studied by infrared spectroscopy and natural bond orbital theory. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2010 Aug;76(3-4):395-400. Epub 2010 Apr 4. Pubmed
剂型
规格
化合物类型
Type small molecule
Classes
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Ethers
  • Anisoles
  • Phenyl Esters
Substructures
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Phenols and Derivatives
  • Cyclopropane and Derivatives
  • Ethers
  • Benzene and Derivatives
  • Amino Alcohols
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Anisoles
  • Alcohols and Polyols
  • Phenyl Esters
适应症
ANTIHYPERTENSIVES 降血压;
药理
Indication For the management of hypertension.
Pharmacodynamics Betaxolol is a competitive, beta(1)-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic antagonist. Betaxolol is used to treat hypertension, arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, glaucoma, and is also used to reduce non-fatal cardiac events in patients with heart failure. Activation of beta(1)-receptors (located mainly in the heart) by epinephrine increases the heart rate and the blood pressure, and the heart consumes more oxygen. Drugs such as betaxolol that block these receptors therefore have the reverse effect: they lower the heart rate and blood pressure and hence are used in conditions when the heart itself is deprived of oxygen. They are routinely prescribed in patients with ischemic heart disease. In addition, beta(1)-selective blockers prevent the release of renin, which is a hormone produced by the kidneys which leads to constriction of blood vessels. Betaxolol is lipophilic and exhibits no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) or membrane stabilizing activity.
Mechanism of action Betaxolol selectively blocks catecholamine stimulation of beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle. This results in a reduction of heart rate, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and possibly reflex orthostatic hypotension. Betaxolol can also competitively block beta(2)-adrenergic responses in the bronchial and vascular smooth muscles, causing bronchospasm.
Absorption Absorption of an oral dose is complete. There is a small and consistent first-pass effect resulting in an absolute bioavailability of 89% ± 5% that is unaffected by the concomitant ingestion of food or alcohol.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 50%
Metabolism
Primarily hepatic. Approximately 15% of the dose administered is excreted as unchanged drug, the remainder being metabolites whose contribution to the clinical effect is negligible.
Route of elimination Not Available
Half life 14-22 hours
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Oral LD50s are 350 to 400 mg betaxolol/kg in mice and 860 to 980 mg/kg in rats. Predicted symptoms of overdose include bradycardia, congestive heart failure, hypotension, bronchospasm, and hypoglycemia.
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways
Pathway Name SMPDB ID
Smp00299 Betaxolol Pathway SMP00299
理化性质
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 70-72 °C PhysProp
water solubility 451 mg/L Not Available
logP 2.81 RECANATINI,M (1992)
Caco2 permeability -4.81 ADME Research, USCD
pKa 9.4 Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 2.98e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP 3 ALOGPS
logP 2.54 ChemAxon
logS -4 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 14.09 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 9.67 ChemAxon
physiological charge 1 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 4 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon
polar surface area 50.72 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 11 ChemAxon
refractivity 88.64 ChemAxon
polarizability 37.05 ChemAxon
药物相互作用
Drug Interaction
Acetohexamide The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Chlorpropamide The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Clonidine Increased hypertension when clonidine stopped
Dihydroergotamine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Disopyramide The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may increase the toxicity of disopyramide.
Epinephrine Beta-Blockers such as betaxolol may enhance the vasopressor effect of epinephrine. Monitor for increases in pressor effects of alpha-/beta-agonists if used in patients receiving beta-blocker therapy (including ophthalmic products). Beta1-selective (i.e., “cardioselective”) agents may confer a more limited risk if used in low enough doses to allow them to retain their selectivity. The amount of epinephrine used in dental procedures as part of local anesthetic administration is not likely to be of clinical concern. Infiltrating larger volumes of local anesthetics for other surgical procedures (e.g., more than 0.06mg epinephrine) may cause clinically-relevant problems. Patients with allergies that require carrying and periodically using subcutaneous epinephrine (e.g., bee sting kits) should probably avoid the use of beta blockers.
Ergotamine Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Fenoterol Beta-Blockers (Beta-1 Selective) like betaxolol may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists like fenoterol. Therapy should be monitored.
Formoterol Beta-Blockers (Beta1 Selective) like betaxolol may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists like formoterol. Therapy should be monitored.
Gliclazide The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Glyburide The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Ibuprofen Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents such as ibuprofen may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers such as betaxolol. Monitor for increases in blood pressure if a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) is initiated/dose increased, or decreases in blood pressure if a NSAID is discontinued/dose decreased; this is particularly important if NSAID treatment is for extended periods of time. Ophthalmic beta-blockers are likely of little concern.
Indomethacin Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents such as indomethacin may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers such as betaxolol. Monitor for increases in blood pressure if a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) is initiated/dose increased, or decreases in blood pressure if a NSAID is discontinued/dose decreased; this is particularly important if NSAID treatment is for extended periods of time. Ophthalmic beta-blockers are likely of little concern.
Insulin Glargine The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Methacholine Beta-Blockers like betaxolol may worsen brochoconstriction and decrease the effectiveness of agents used to treat the resulting bronchoconstriction. Use of betaxolol and methacholine concomitantly is contraindicated.
Methysergide Ischemia with risk of gangrene
Orciprenaline Beta-Blockers (Beta1 Selective) like betaxolol may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists like orciprenaline. Therapy should be monitored.
Pipobroman Antagonism
Piroxicam Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents such as piroxicam may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Beta-Blockers such as betaxolol. Monitor for increases in blood pressure if a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) is initiated/dose increased, or decreases in blood pressure if a NSAID is discontinued/dose decreased; this is particularly important if NSAID treatment is for extended periods of time. Ophthalmic beta-blockers are likely of little concern.
Prazosin Beta-Blockers such as betaxolol may enhance the orthostatic hypotensive effect of Alpha1-Blockers such as prazosin. The risk associated with ophthalmic products is probably less than systemic products. Exercise caution if an alpha1-blocker is added to existing beta-blocker therapy. Monitor for hypotension during first few days of concomitant therapy. A priori reduction in alpha1-blocker (especially systemic) dose may be warranted. Administering the first dose of systemic agents at bedtime may help minimize risk of severe hypotension. The risk associated with the use of ophthalmic products in either interacting group is probably less than that associated with systemic agents. If the alpha1-blocker is being used to treat BPH, consider using tamsulosin since its alpha1-A selectivity is least likely to cause hypotension.
Repaglinide The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Rituximab Antihypertensives like betaxolol may enhance the hypotensive effect of rituximab. Consider temporarily withholding antihypertensive medications for 12 hours prior to rituximab infusion to avoid excessive hypotension during or immediately after infusion.
Terazosin Increased risk of hypotension. Initiate concomitant therapy cautiously.
Terbutaline Beta-Blockers (Beta1 Selective) like betaxolol may diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists like terbutaline. Therapy should be monitored.
Thiabendazole The strong CYP1A2 inhibitor, Thiabendazole, may increase the effects and toxicity of Betaxolol by decreasing Betaxolol metabolism and clearance. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of Betaxolol if Thiabendazole is initiated, discontinued or dose changed
Treprostinil Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use.
食物相互作用
Not Available

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