药品详细
Levodopa (左旋多巴 )
化学结构式图
中文名
左旋多巴
英文名
Levodopa
分子式
Not Available
化学名
(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
分子量
Average: 197.1879
Monoisotopic: 197.068807845
Monoisotopic: 197.068807845
CAS号
59-92-7
ATC分类
N04B 未知;N04B 未知
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
商品名
Bendopa;Brocadopa;Cidandopa;Deadopa;Dopaflex;Dopaidan;Dopal;Dopal-Fher;Dopalina;Dopar;Doparkine;Doparl;Dopasol;Dopaston;Dopastral;Doprin;Eldopal;Eldopar;Eldopatec;Eurodopa;Helfo-Dopa;Insulamina;Laradopa;Larodopa;Ledopa;Levedopa;Levopa;Maipedopa;Parda;Pardopa;Prodopa;Syndopa;Veldopa;Weldopa;
同义名
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine;DOPA;L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine;L-DOPA;
基本介绍
The naturally occurring form of dihydroxyphenylalanine and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonian disorders and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. [PubChem]
生产厂家
- Hoffmann la roche inc
- Shire development inc
- Valeant pharmaceuticals international
封装厂家
参考
| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
| General Reference | Not Available |
剂型
| Form | Route | Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Tablet | Oral |
规格
| Unit description | Cost | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| L-dopa powder | 15.19 USD | g |
| Levodopa powder | 7.31 USD | g |
化合物类型
| Type | small molecule |
| Classes |
|
| Substructures |
|
适应症
PARKINSON 帕金森氏症;
药理
| Indication | For the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (Paralysis Agitans), postencephalitic parkinsonism, symptomatic parkinsonism which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication, and manganese intoxication. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Levodopa (L-dopa) is used to replace dopamine lost in Parkinson's disease because dopamine itself cannot cross the blood-brain barrier where its precursor can. However, L-DOPA is converted to dopamine in the periphery as well as in the CNS, so it is administered with a peripheral DDC (dopamine decarboxylase) inhibitor such as carbidopa, without which 90% is metabolised in the gut wall, and with a COMT inhibitor if possible; this prevents about a 5% loss. The form given therapeutically is therefore a prodrug which avoids decarboxylation in the stomach and periphery, can cross the blood-brain barrier, and once in the brain is converted to the neurotransmitter dopamine by the enzyme aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. |
| Mechanism of action | Striatal dopamine levels in symptomatic Parkinson's disease are decreased by 60 to 80%, striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission may be enhanced by exogenous supplementation of dopamine through administration of dopamine's precursor, levodopa. A small percentage of each levodopa dose crosses the blood-brain barrier and is decarboxylated to dopamine. This newly formed dopamine then is available to stimulate dopaminergic receptors, thus compensating for the depleted supply of endogenous dopamine. |
| Absorption | Levodopa is rapidly absorbed from the proximal small intestine by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport carrier system. |
| Volume of distribution | Not Available |
| Protein binding | High |
| Metabolism |
95% of an administered oral dose of levodopa is pre-systemically decarboxylated to dopamine by the L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) enzyme in the stomach, lumen of the intestine, kidney, and liver. Levodopa also may be methoxylated by the hepatic catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme system to 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD), which cannot be converted to central dopamine. |
| Route of elimination | Not Available |
| Half life | 50 to 90 minutes |
| Clearance | Not Available |
| Toxicity | Oral, mouse: LD50 = 2363 mg/kg; Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 609 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 1780 mg/kg. |
| Affected organisms |
|
| Pathways | Not Available |
理化性质
| Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 276-278 oC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predicted Properties |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
药物相互作用
| Drug | Interaction |
|---|---|
| Fosphenytoin | The hydantoin decreases the effect of levodopa |
| Iron Dextran | Iron decreases the absorption of dopa derivatives |
| Isocarboxazid | Possible hypertensive crisis |
| Methyldopa | Methyldopa increases the effect and toxicity of levodopa |
| Metoclopramide | Levodopa decreases the effect of metoclopramide |
| Paliperidone | The atypical antipsychotic agent, paliperidone, may decrease the therapeutic effect of the anti-Parkinson's agent, levodopa. This interaction may be due to the dopamine antagonist properties of paliperidone. Consider an alternate antipsychotic in those with Parkinson's disease or consider using clozapine or quetiapine if an atypical antipsychotic is necessary. |
| Phenelzine | Possible hypertensive crisis |
| Phenytoin | The hydantoin decreases the effect of levodopa |
| Tetrabenazine | Tetrabenazine may cause Parkinsonian symptoms and neutralize the effect of Levodopa. |
| Thiothixene | Thiothixene may antaonize the effects of the anti-Parkinsonian agent, Levodopa. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for decreased effects of both agents. |
| Tranylcypromine | Levodopa may increase the adverse effects of Tranylcypromine. Risk of severe hypertension. Concomitant therapy should be avoided or monitored closely for adverse effects of Tranylcypromine. |
| Ziprasidone | The atypical antipsychotic, ziprasidone, may antagonize the effect of the dopamine agonist, levodopa. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for worsening of movement disorder. |
| Zuclopenthixol | Antagonism may occur between zuclopenthixol, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, and levodopa, a dopamine agonist. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic and adverse effects of both agents if concurrent therapy is initiated, discontinued or dose(s) changed. |
食物相互作用
Not Available
收藏