药品详细
Dicloxacillin (双氯西林 )
化学结构式图
中文名
双氯西林
英文名
Dicloxacillin
分子式
Not Available
化学名
(2S,5R,6R)-6-[3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-amido]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
分子量
Average: 470.326
Monoisotopic: 469.026596773
Monoisotopic: 469.026596773
CAS号
3116-76-5
ATC分类
J01C Beta-lactam Antibacterials, Penicillins
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
商品名
Dycill;Dynapen;Maclicine;Pathocil;
同义名
Diclossacillina [DCIT];Dicloxacilin;Dicloxacilina [INN-Spanish];Dicloxacillin Sodium;Dicloxacilline [INN-French];Dicloxacillinum [INN-Latin];Dicloxacycline;
基本介绍
One of the penicillins which is resistant to penicillinase. [PubChem]
生产厂家
- Apothecon inc div bristol myers squibb
- Glaxosmithkline
- Sandoz inc
- Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
- Wyeth ayerst laboratories
封装厂家
参考
| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
| General Reference | Not Available |
剂型
| Form | Route | Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Capsule | Oral | |
| Powder, for solution | Oral |
规格
| Unit description | Cost | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Dicloxacillin Sodium 500 mg capsule | 1.25 USD | capsule |
| Dicloxacillin 500 mg capsule | 1.2 USD | capsule |
| Dicloxacillin Sodium 250 mg capsule | 0.69 USD | capsule |
| Dicloxacillin 250 mg capsule | 0.66 USD | capsule |
化合物类型
| Type | small molecule |
| Classes |
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| Substructures |
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适应症
antibacterials 抗细菌;
药理
| Indication | Used to treat infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci which have demonstrated susceptibility to the drug. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Dicloxacillin is a beta-lactamase resistant penicillin similar to oxacillin. Dicloxacillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of dicloxacillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through dicloxacillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Dicloxacillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases. |
| Mechanism of action | Dicloxacillin exerts a bactericidal action against penicillin-susceptible microorganisms during the state of active multiplication. All penicillins inhibit the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, dicloxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that dicloxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. |
| Absorption | Absorption of the isoxazolyl penicillins after oral administration is rapid but incomplete: peak blood levels are achieved in 1-1.5 hours. Oral absorption of cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin and nafcillin is delayed when the drugs are administered after meals. |
| Volume of distribution | Not Available |
| Protein binding | Binds to serum protein, mainly albumin. |
| Metabolism | |
| Route of elimination | Dicloxacillin sodium is rapidly excreted as unchanged drug in the urine by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. |
| Half life | The elimination half-life for dicloxacillin is about 0.7 hour. |
| Clearance | Not Available |
| Toxicity | Oral LD50 in rat is 3579 mg/kg. Symptoms of overexposure include irritation, rash, labored breathing, hives, itching, wheezing, nausea, chills, and fever. |
| Affected organisms |
|
| Pathways | Not Available |
理化性质
| Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties |
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| Predicted Properties |
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药物相互作用
| Drug | Interaction |
|---|---|
| Acenocoumarol | Dicloxacillin may decrease the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol. |
| Anisindione | Dicloxacillin may decrease the anticoagulant effect of anisindione. |
| Demeclocycline | Possible antagonism of action |
| Dicumarol | Dicloxacillin may decrease the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol. |
| Doxycycline | Possible antagonism of action |
| Ethinyl Estradiol | This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive |
| Mestranol | This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive |
| Methacycline | Possible antagonism of action |
| Methotrexate | The penicillin increases the effect and toxicity of methotrexate |
| Minocycline | Possible antagonism of action |
| Oxytetracycline | Possible antagonism of action |
| Rolitetracycline | Possible antagonism of action |
| Tetracycline | Possible antagonism of action |
| Warfarin | Dicloxacillin may decrease the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. |
食物相互作用
- Take on an empty stomach, food decreases the availability.
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