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药品详细

Cefdinir(头孢地尼)

化学结构式图
中文名
头孢地尼
英文名
Cefdinir
分子式
C14H13N5O5S2
化学名
(6R,7R)-7-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(N-hydroxyimino)acetamido]-3-ethenyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
分子量
Average: 395.414
Monoisotopic: 395.035809931
CAS号
91832-40-5
ATC分类
J01D Other Beta- lactam Antibacterials
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved
商品名
Cefzon;Omnicef;
同义名
Cefdirnir;CFDN;
基本介绍

Cefdinir (marketed by Abbott Laboratories under the brand name Omnicef) is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic in the third generation of the cephalosporin class, proven effective for common bacterial infections of the ear, sinus, throat, and skin. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December of 1997.

生产厂家
  • Abbott laboratories
  • Aurobindo pharma ltd
  • Lupin ltd
  • Orchid healthcare
  • Sandoz inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa
封装厂家
参考
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Yamanaka H, Shimazaki J, Imai K, Sugiyama Y, Shida K: Effect of estrogen administration on activities of testosterone 5alpha-reductase, alkaline phosphatase and arginase in the ventral and the dorsolateral prostates of rats. Endocrinol Jpn. 1975 Aug;22(4):297-302. Pubmed
剂型
规格
化合物类型
Type small molecule
Classes
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Cephalosporins
Substructures
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Alkanes and Alkenes
  • Acetates
  • Amino Ketones
  • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Beta Lactams
  • Enamines
  • Isoprenes
  • Thiazoles
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Carboxamides and Derivatives
  • Cephalosporins
  • Lactams
  • Imines
  • Azetidines
  • Oximes and Derivatives
适应症
antibacterials 抗细菌;
药理
Indication For the treatment of the respiratory, skin, soft tissue, and ENT infections caused by H. influenzae (including b-lactamase producing strains), H. parainfluenzae (including b-lactamase producing strains), S. pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains), S. pyogenes, S. aureus (including b-lactamase producing strains), and M. catarrhalis.
Pharmacodynamics Cefdinir is a third generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against enteric gram-negative rods. Cefdinir is stable in the presence of some, but not all, b-lactamase enzymes. As a result, many organisms resistant to penicillins and some cephalosporins are susceptible to cefdinir. Cephalosporins work the same way as penicillins: they interfere with the peptidoglycan synthesis of the bacterial wall by inhibiting the final transpeptidation needed for the cross-links. This effect is bactericidal.
Mechanism of action As with other cephalosporins, bactericidal activity of cefdinir results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis by acting on penicillin binding proteins (PBPs).
Absorption Maximal plasma cefdinir concentrations occur 2 to 4 hours postdose following capsule or suspension administration. Estimated bioavailability of cefdinir capsules is 21% following administration of a 300 mg capsule dose, and 16% following administration of a 600 mg capsule dose. Estimated absolute bioavailability of cefdinir suspension is 25%. Absorption is reduced by approximately 15% when administered with a high fat meal.
Volume of distribution
  • 0.35±0.29 L/kg [adult subjects]
  • 0.67±0.38 L/kg [pediatric subjects (age 6 months to 12 years)]
Protein binding 60%-70%, binding is independent of concentration.
Metabolism
Cefdinir is not appreciably metabolized. Activity is primarily due to parent drug.
Route of elimination Cefdinir is not appreciably metabolized. Cefdinir is eliminated principally via renal excretion with a mean plasma elimination half-life (t½) of 1.7 (±0.6) hours.
Half life 1.7 ± 0.6 hours
Clearance
  • renal cl=2 +/- 1 mL/min/kg [healthy]
Toxicity Information on cefdinir overdosage in humans is not available. In acute rodent toxicity studies, a single oral 5600-mg/kg dose produced no adverse effects. Toxic signs and symptoms following overdosage with other b-lactam antibiotics have included nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and convulsions.
Affected organisms
  • Enteric gram-negative rods
Pathways Not Available
理化性质
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
logP -0.2 Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 8.78e-02 g/l ALOGPS
logP 0.02 ALOGPS
logP -1.7 ChemAxon
logS -3.6 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 1.74 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 7.45 ChemAxon
physiological charge -1 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 8 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 4 ChemAxon
polar surface area 158.21 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 5 ChemAxon
refractivity 94.34 ChemAxon
polarizability 36.12 ChemAxon
药物相互作用
食物相互作用
  • Avoid taking antacids at same time (up to 2 hours before or after antibiotic).
  • Avoid taking iron preparations at same time (up to 2 hours before or after antibiotic).
  • Take without regard to meals.

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