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药品详细

Cefaclor(头孢克洛)

化学结构式图
中文名
头孢克洛
英文名
Cefaclor
分子式
C15H14ClN3O4S
化学名
(6R,7R)-7-[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido]-3-chloro-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
分子量
Average: 367.807
Monoisotopic: 367.039354348
CAS号
53994-73-3
ATC分类
J01D Other Beta- lactam Antibacterials
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved
商品名
Alenfral;Alfacet;Alfatil;Ceclor;Ceclor CD;Distaclor;Kefral;Panacef;Panoral;Raniclor;
同义名
CCL;Cefaclor anhydrous;Cefaclorum [INN-Latin];Cephaclor;
基本介绍

Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of cephalexin. [PubChem]

生产厂家
  • Acs dobfar info sa
  • Ceph international corp
  • Clonmel healthcare ltd
  • Eli lilly and co
  • Hikma pharmaceuticals
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Marsam pharmaceuticals llc
  • Ranbaxy laboratories ltd
  • Ranbaxy pharmaceuticals inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • World gen llc
  • Yung shin pharmaceutical industrial co ltd
封装厂家
参考
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Hebert AA, Sigman ES, Levy ML: Serum sickness-like reactions from cefaclor in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991 Nov;25(5 Pt 1):805-8. Pubmed
  2. Parra FM, Igea JM, Martin JA, Alonso MD, Lezaun A, Sainz T: Serum sickness-like syndrome associated with cefaclor therapy. Allergy. 1992 Aug;47(4 Pt 2):439-40. Pubmed
剂型
规格
化合物类型
Type small molecule
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
适应症
antibacterials 抗细菌;
药理
Indication For the treatment of certain infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia and ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract infections.
Pharmacodynamics Cefaclor is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a spectrum resembling first-generation cephalosporins. In vitro tests demonstrate that the bactericidal action of the cephalosporins results from inhibition of cell-wall synthesis. Cefaclor has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections: Gram positive aerobes - Staphylococci (including coagulase-positive, coagulase-negative, and penicillinase-producing strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes (group A ß-hemolytic streptococci). Gram-negative aerobes - Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (including ß-lactamase-producing ampicillin-resistant strains), Klebsiella sp, and Proteus mirabilis.
Mechanism of action Cefaclor, like the penicillins, is a beta-lactam antibiotic. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, it inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins. It is possible that cefaclor interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
Absorption Well absorbed after oral administration, independent of food intake.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding 23.5%
Metabolism
No appreciable biotransformation in liver (approximately 60% to 85% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine within 8 hours).
Route of elimination Approximately 60% to 85% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine within 8 hours, the greater portion being excreted within the first 2 hours.
Half life 0.6-0.9 hour
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include diarrhea, nausea, stomach upset, and vomiting.
Affected organisms
  • Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
Pathways Not Available
理化性质
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 327 °C Not Available
water solubility 1E+004 mg/L YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP 0.4 Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 2.10e-01 g/l ALOGPS
logP 0.85 ALOGPS
logP -2.3 ChemAxon
logS -3.2 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 3.03 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 7.44 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 5 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 3 ChemAxon
polar surface area 112.73 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 4 ChemAxon
refractivity 89.56 ChemAxon
polarizability 35.11 ChemAxon
药物相互作用
Drug Interaction
Probenecid Probenecid may increase the serum level of cefaclor.
食物相互作用
  • Preferably on an empty stomach, not really problematic.

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