药品详细
Sparfloxacin(司帕沙星)
化学结构式图
中文名
司帕沙星
英文名
Sparfloxacin
分子式
C19H22F2N4O3
化学名
5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-[(3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
分子量
Average: 392.3998
Monoisotopic: 392.165997
Monoisotopic: 392.165997
CAS号
110871-86-8
ATC分类
J01M 未知
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved
商品名
Zagam;
同义名
基本介绍
Sparfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Sparfloxacin exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a bacterial topoisomerase. DNA gyrase is an essential enzyme which controls DNA topology and assists in DNA replication, repair, deactivation, and transcription.
生产厂家
- Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
封装厂家
参考
| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
| General Reference | Not Available |
剂型
规格
化合物类型
| Type | small molecule |
| Classes |
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| Substructures |
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适应症
antibacterials 抗细菌;
药理
| Indication | For the treatment of adults with the following infections caused by susceptible strains microorganisms: community-acquired pneumonia (caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae) and acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pneumoniae). |
| Pharmacodynamics | Sparfloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent in the same class as ofloxacin and norfloxacin. Sparfloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. Sparfloxacin exerts its antibacterial activity by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a bacterial topoisomerase. DNA gyrase is an essential enzyme which controls DNA topology and assists in DNA replication, repair, deactivation, and transcription. Quinolones differ in chemical structure and mode of action from (beta)-lactam antibiotics. Quinolones may, therefore, be active against bacteria resistant to (beta)-lactam antibiotics. Although cross-resistance has been observed between sparfloxacin and other fluoroquinolones, some microorganisms resistant to other fluoroquinolones may be susceptible to sparfloxacin. In vitro tests show that the combination of sparfloxacin and rifampin is antagonistic against Staphylococcus aureus. |
| Mechanism of action | The bactericidal action of sparfloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. |
| Absorption | Well absorbed following oral administration with an absolute oral bioavailability of 92%. Unaffected by administration with milk or food, however concurrent administration of antacids containing magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide reduces the oral bioavailability of sparfloxacin by as much as 50%. |
| Volume of distribution | Not Available |
| Protein binding | Low plasma protein binding in serum at about 45%. |
| Metabolism |
Hepatic. Metabolized primarily by phase II glucuronidation to form a glucuronide conjugate. Metabolism does not utilize or interfere with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system.
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| Route of elimination | Not Available |
| Half life | Mean terminal elimination half-life of 20 hours (range 16-30 hours). Prolonged in patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min). |
| Clearance | Not Available |
| Toxicity | Single doses of sparfloxacin were relatively non-toxic via the oral route of administration in mice, rats, and dogs. No deaths occurred within a 14-day post-treatment observation period at the highest oral doses tested, up to 5000 mg/kg in either rodent species, or up to 600 mg/kg in the dog. Clinical signs observed included inactivity in mice and dogs, diarrhea in both rodent species, and vomiting, salivation, and tremors in dogs. |
| Affected organisms |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
理化性质
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| State | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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药物相互作用
| Drug | Interaction |
|---|---|
| Amiodarone | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Amitriptyline | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Amoxapine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Artemether | Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided. |
| Astemizole | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Bepridil | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Calcium Acetate | Calcium salts such as calcium acetate may decrease the absorption of quinolone antibiotics such as sparfloxacin. Of concern only with oral administration of both agents. Interactions can be minimized by administering oral quinolone at least 2 hours before, or 6 hours after, the dose of an oral calcium supplement. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of oral quinolones if administered with oral calcium supplements. |
| Chlorpromazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Clomipramine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Desipramine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Disopyramide | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Doxepin | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Erythromycin | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Fluphenazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Imipramine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Lumefantrine | Additive QTc-prolongation may occur. Concomitant therapy should be avoided. |
| Mesoridazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Methotrimeprazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Nortriptyline | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Perphenazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Prochlorperazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Promethazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Quinidine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Tacrolimus | Additive QTc-prolongation may occur increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution. |
| Terfenadine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Thioridazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Thiothixene | May cause additive QTc-prolonging effects. Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. Thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration. |
| Toremifene | Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Consider alternate therapy. A thorough risk:benefit assessment is required prior to co-administration. |
| Trifluoperazine | Increased risk of cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias |
| Trimipramine | Additive QTc-prolongation may occur, increasing the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy should be used with caution. |
| Voriconazole | Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP). |
| Vorinostat | Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP). |
| Ziprasidone | Additive QTc-prolonging effects may increase the risk of severe arrhythmias. Concomitant therapy is contraindicated. |
| Zuclopenthixol | Additive QTc prolongation may occur. Consider alternate therapy or use caution and monitor for QTc prolongation as this can lead to Torsade de Pointes (TdP). |
食物相互作用
Not Available
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