药品详细
Vidarabine(阿糖腺苷)
化学结构式图
中文名
阿糖腺苷
英文名
Vidarabine
分子式
C10H13N5O4
化学名
(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
分子量
Average: 267.2413
Monoisotopic: 267.096753929
Monoisotopic: 267.096753929
CAS号
24356-66-9
ATC分类
J05A Direct acting antivirals;S01A 抗感染药
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved
商品名
Arasena-A;Spongoadenosine;Vidarabin;Vira-A;
同义名
9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-adenine;Adenine Arabinoside;Ara Atp;Ara-A;Ara-a Triphosphate;Ara-Atp;Araadenosine;Arabinofuranosyladenine Triphosphate;Arabinoside Adenine;Arabinosyl Adenine;Arabinosyl-Atp;Arabinosyladenine;Arabinosyladenine Triphosphate;Vidarabine Triphosphate;
基本介绍
A nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the vaccinia VIRUS and varicella zoster virus. [PubChem]
生产厂家
- Parkedale pharmaceuticals inc
封装厂家
- Medisca Inc.
- Professional Co.
参考
| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
| General Reference | Not Available |
剂型
规格
化合物类型
| Type | small molecule |
| Classes |
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| Substructures |
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适应症
ANTIVIRALS 抗病毒;
药理
| Indication | For treatment of chickenpox - varicella, herpes zoster and herpes simplex |
| Pharmacodynamics | Vidarabine is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue with in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1), 2 (HSV-2), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The inhibitory activity of Vidarabine is highly selective due to its affinity for the enzyme thymidine kinase (TK) encoded by HSV and VZV. This viral enzyme converts Vidarabine into Vidarabine monophosphate, a nucleotide analogue. The monophosphate is further converted into diphosphate by cellular guanylate kinase and into triphosphate by a number of cellular enzymes. in vitro, Vidarabine triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DNA. When used as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase, Vidarabine triphosphate competitively inhibits dATP leading to the formation of 'faulty' DNA. This is where Vidarabine triphosphate is incorporated into the DNA strand replacing many of the adenosine bases. This results in the prevention of DNA synthesis, as phosphodiester bridges can longer to be built, destabilizing the strand. |
| Mechanism of action | Vidarabine stops replication of herpes viral DNA in 2 ways: 1) competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase, and consequently 2) incorporation into and termination of the growing viral DNA chain. This drug is a nucleoside analog and therefore has to be phosphorylated to be active. Vidarabine is sequentially phosphorylated by kinases to the triphosphate ara-ATP. This is the active form of vidarabine and is both an inhibitor and a substrate of viral DNA polymerase. When used as a substrate for viral DNA polymerase, ara-ATP competitively inhibits dATP leading to the formation of ‘faulty’ DNA. This is where ara-ATP is incorporated into the DNA strand replacing many of the adenosine bases. This results in the prevention of DNA synthesis, as phosphodiester bridges can longer to be built, destabilizing the strand |
| Absorption | Systemetic absorption of vidarabine should not be expected to occur following ocular administration and swallowing lacrimal secretions. |
| Volume of distribution | Not Available |
| Protein binding | 24-38% |
| Metabolism |
In laboratory animals, vidarabine is rapidly deaminated in the gastrointestinal tract to Ara-Hx.
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| Route of elimination | Not Available |
| Half life | Not Available |
| Clearance | Not Available |
| Toxicity | Acute massive overdosage by oral ingestion of the ophthalmic ointment has not occurred. However, the rapid deamination to arabinosylhypoxanthine should preclude any difficulty. The oral LD50 for vidarabine is greater than 5020 mg/kg in mice and rats. No untoward effects should result from ingestion of the entire contents of the tube. Overdosage by ocular instillation is unlikely because any excess should be quickly expelled from the conjunctival sac. |
| Affected organisms |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
理化性质
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| State | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties |
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| Predicted Properties |
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药物相互作用
食物相互作用
Not Available
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