Acetyladriamycin;Anthracyline;Antibiotics From Streptomyces Coeruleorubidus;Cerubidin;Cerubidine;Daunamycin;Daunarubicinum;Daunoblastin;Daunomycin;Daunomycin Hydrochloride;Daunomycin, Hydrochloride;Daunorrubicina;Daunorubicin Hcl;Daunorubicin Hydrochloride;Daunorubicin, Hydrochloride;Daunorubicine;Daunorubicinum [INN-Latin];Daunoxome;DM1;Leukaemomycin C;Ondena;Rcra Waste No. U059;Rp 13057 Hydrochloride;Rubidomycin;Rubidomycin Hydrochloride;Rubomycin C;

A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of leukemia and other neoplasms. [PubChem]

• App pharmaceuticals llc
• Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
• Gilead sciences inc
• Sanofi aventis us llc
• Teva parenteral medicines inc
• Wyeth ayerst research

Synthesis Reference	Not Available
General Reference	Not Available

Form	Route	Strength
Powder, for solution	Intravenous

Unit description	Cost	Unit
Daunorubicin 20 mg/4 ml vial	163.01 USD	ml
Cerubidine 20 mg vial	50.4 USD	vial
Daunorubicin 50 mg/10 ml vial	42.45 USD	ml
Daunoxome 2 mg/ml vial	13.06 USD	ml

Type	small molecule

Classes

Anthracyclines

Substructures

Anthracyclines Hydroxy Compounds Pyrans Benzyl Alcohols and Derivatives Naphthalenes Acetals and Derivatives Phenols and Derivatives Benzoquinones Aliphatic and Aryl Amines Ethers Benzene and Derivatives Naphthoquinones Anthraquinones Anthracenes Hydroquinones Amino Alcohols Alcohols and Polyols Heterocyclic compounds Aromatic compounds Anisoles Benzoyl Derivatives Cyclohexenes and Derivatives Phenyl Esters Ketones

Cancer 癌症;

Indication	For remission induction in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (myelogenous, monocytic, erythroid) of adults and for remission induction in acute lymphocytic leukemia of children and adults.
Pharmacodynamics	Daunorubicin is an antineoplastic in the anthracycline class. General properties of drugs in this class include: interaction with DNA in a variety of different ways including intercalation (squeezing between the base pairs), DNA strand breakage and inhibition with the enzyme topoisomerase II. Most of these compounds have been isolated from natural sources and antibiotics. However, they lack the specificity of the antimicrobial antibiotics and thus produce significant toxicity. The anthracyclines are among the most important antitumor drugs available. Doxorubicin is widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors while daunorubicin and idarubicin are used exclusively for the treatment of leukemia. Daunorubicin may also inhibit polymerase activity, affect regulation of gene expression, and produce free radical damage to DNA. Daunorubicin possesses an antitumor effect against a wide spectrum of tumors, either grafted or spontaneous. The anthracyclines are cell cycle-nonspecific.
Mechanism of action	Daunorubicin has antimitotic and cytotoxic activity through a number of proposed mechanisms of action: Daunorubicin forms complexes with DNA by intercalation between base pairs, and it inhibits topoisomerase II activity by stabilizing the DNA-topoisomerase II complex, preventing the religation portion of the ligation-religation reaction that topoisomerase II catalyzes.
Absorption	Not Available
Volume of distribution	Not Available
Protein binding	97% binding-albumin
Metabolism	Hepatic
Route of elimination	Twenty-five percent of an administered dose of daunorubicin hydrochloride is eliminated in an active form by urinary excretion and an estimated 40% by biliary excretion.
Half life	18.5 hours
Clearance	Not Available
Toxicity	LD50=20 mg/kg (mice, IV); LD50=13 mg/kg (rat, IV)
Affected organisms	Humans and other mammals
Pathways	Not Available

Properties
State	solid
Melting point	208-209 oC
Experimental Properties	Property Value Source water solubility 39.2 mg/L PhysProp logP 0.1 PhysProp
Predicted Properties	Property Value Source water solubility 6.27e-01 g/l ALOGPS logP 1.68 ALOGPS logP 1.67 ChemAxon Molconvert logS -2.93 ALOGPS pKa 11.02 ChemAxon Molconvert hydrogen acceptor count 11 ChemAxon Molconvert hydrogen donor count 5 ChemAxon Molconvert polar surface area 185.84 ChemAxon Molconvert rotatable bond count 4 ChemAxon Molconvert refractivity 132.89 ChemAxon Molconvert polarizability 52.94 ChemAxon Molconvert

Drug	Interaction
Trastuzumab	Trastuzumab may increase the cardiotoxicity of Daunorubicin. Signs and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction should be monitored for frequently. Increased risk of heart failure. Trastuzumab may increase the risk of neutropenia and anemia. Monitor closely for signs and symptoms of adverse events.

Not Available