药品详细
Nitroprusside(硝普钠)
化学结构式图
中文名
硝普钠
英文名
Nitroprusside
分子式
C5FeN6O
化学名
pentacyano(nitroso)irondiuide
分子量
Average: 215.938
Monoisotopic: 215.948300785
Monoisotopic: 215.948300785
CAS号
15078-28-1
ATC分类
C02D 未知
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved
商品名
Nipride;Nitropress;
同义名
Disodium nitroprusside dihydrate;Sodium nitroferricyanide dihydrate;Sodium Nitroprusside;Sodium nitroprusside dihydrate;
基本介绍
Nitroprusside serves as a source of nitric oxide, a potent peripheral vasodilator that affects both arterioles and venules (venules more than arterioles). Nitroprusside is often administered intravenously to patients who are experiencing a hypertensive emergency. [Wikipedia]
生产厂家
- Abbott laboratories
- Abbott laboratories pharmaceutical products div
- Abraxis pharmaceutical products
- Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
- Hoffmann la roche inc
- Hospira inc
- Teva parenteral medicines inc
封装厂家
参考
| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
| General Reference | Not Available |
剂型
规格
化合物类型
| Type | small molecule |
| Classes |
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| Substructures |
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适应症
ANTIHYPERTENSIVES 降血压;
药理
| Indication | For immediate reduction of blood pressure of patients in hypertensive crises, reduce bleeding during surgery, and for the treatment of acute congestive heart failure | ||||||||
| Pharmacodynamics | Nitroprusside a powerful vasodilator relaxes the vascular smooth muscle and produce consequent dilatation of peripheral arteries and veins. Other smooth muscle (e.g., uterus, duodenum) is not affected. Sodium nitroprusside is more active on veins than on arteries. | ||||||||
| Mechanism of action | One molecule of sodium nitroprusside is metabolized by combination with hemoglobin to produce one molecule of cyanmethemoglobin and four CN- ions; methemoglobin, obtained from hemoglobin, can sequester cyanide as cyanmethemoglobin; thiosulfate reacts with cyanide to produce thiocyanate; thiocyanate is eliminated in the urine; cyanide not otherwise removed binds to cytochromes. Cyanide ion is normally found in serum; it is derived from dietary substrates and from tobacco smoke. Cyanide binds avidly (but reversibly) to ferric ion (Fe+++), most body stores of which are found in erythrocyte methemoglobin (metHgb) and in mitochondrial cytochromes. When CN is infused or generated within the bloodstream, essentially all of it is bound to methemoglobin until intraerythrocytic methemoglobin has been saturated. Once activated to NO, it activates guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle and increases intracellular production of cGMP. cGMP stimulates calcium movement from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum and reduces calcium available to bind with calmodulin. This eventually leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation and vessel dilatation. | ||||||||
| Absorption | Not Available | ||||||||
| Volume of distribution | Not Available | ||||||||
| Protein binding | Not Available | ||||||||
| Metabolism |
Metabolized by reaction with hemoglobin to produce cyanmethemoglobin and cynide ions
Important The metabolism module of DrugBank is currently in beta. Questions or suggestions? Please contact us.
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| Route of elimination | One molecule of sodium nitroprusside is metabolized by combination with hemoglobin to produce one molecule of cyanmethemoglobin and four CN¯ ions, thiosulfate reacts with cyanide to produce thiocyanate, thiocyanate is eliminated in the urine. | ||||||||
| Half life | Approximately 2 minutes | ||||||||
| Clearance | Not Available | ||||||||
| Toxicity | Overdosage of nitroprusside can be manifested as excessive hypotension or cyanide toxicity or as thiocyanate toxicity. The acute intravenous mean lethal doses (LD50) of nitroprusside in rabbits, dogs, mice, and rats are 2.8, 5.0, 8.4, and 11.2 mg/kg, respectively. | ||||||||
| Affected organisms |
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| Pathways | Not Available | ||||||||
理化性质
| Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| State | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties | Not Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predicted Properties |
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药物相互作用
| Drug | Interaction |
|---|---|
| Treprostinil | Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use. |
食物相互作用
Not Available
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