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药品详细

Adenosine(腺苷)

化学结构式图
中文名
腺苷
英文名
Adenosine
分子式
C10H13N5O4
化学名
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
分子量
Average: 267.2413
Monoisotopic: 267.096753929
CAS号
58-61-7
ATC分类
C01E 未知
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved
商品名
同义名
基本介绍

A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. [PubChem]

生产厂家
  • Akorn inc
  • App pharmaceuticals llc
  • Astellas pharma us inc
  • Baxter healthcare corp
  • Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
  • Gland pharma ltd
  • Luitpold pharmaceuticals inc
  • Strides arcolab ltd
  • Teva parenteral medicines inc
  • Wockhardt ltd
封装厂家
参考
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
剂型
规格
化合物类型
Type small molecule
Classes
  • Purines and Purine Derivatives
  • Carbohydrates
Substructures
  • Glycerol and Derivatives
  • Hydroxy Compounds
  • Aliphatic and Aryl Amines
  • Ethers
  • Alcohols and Polyols
  • Pyrimidines and Derivatives
  • Imidazoles
  • Heterocyclic compounds
  • Aromatic compounds
  • Purines and Purine Derivatives
  • Furans
  • Cyanamides
  • Carbohydrates
适应症
药理
Indication Used as an initial treatment for the termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PVST), including that associated with accessory bypass tracts, and is a drug of choice for terminating stable, narrow-complex supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). Also used as an adjunct to thallous chloride TI 201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (thallium stress test) in patients who are unable to exercise adequately, as well as an adjunct to vagal maneuvers and clinical assessment to establish a specific diagnosis of undefined, stable, narrow-complex SVT.
Pharmacodynamics Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside occurring in all cells of the body and is not chemically related to other antiarrhythmic drugs. Adenosine may exert its pharmacologic effects by activation of purine (cell surface A1 and A2 adenosine) receptors, as well as relax vascular smooth muscles through the reduction in calcium uptake by inhibition of slow inward calcium current and activation of adenylate cyclase in smooth muscle cells. Adenosine may reduce vascular tone by modulation of sympathetic neurotransmission. The drug also has negative chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effects on the heart by slowing conduction time throught he AV node and interrupting AV nodal reentry pathways. Adenosine is a potent vasodilator in most vascular beds, but vasoconstriction is produced in renal afferent arterioles and hepatic veins. The drug produces a net mild to moderate reduction in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure and a reflex increase in heart rate. Adenosine is antagonized competitively by methylxanthines such as caffeine and theophylline, and potentiated by blockers of nucleoside transport such as dipyridamole. Adenosine is not blocked by atropine.
Mechanism of action Adenosine slows conduction time through the AV node and can interrupt the reentry pathways through the AV node, resulting in the restoration of normal sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), including PSVT associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. This effect may be mediated through the drug's activation of cell-surface A1 and A2 adenosine receptors. Adenosine also inhibits the slow inward calcium current and activation of adenylate cyclase in smooth muscle cells, thereby causing relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. By increasing blood flow in normal coronary arteries with little or no increase in stenotic arteries (with little to no increase in stenotic arteries), adenosine produces a relative difference in thallous (thallium) chloride TI 201 uptake in myocardium supplied by normal verus stenotic coronary arteries.
Absorption Not Available
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism
Intracellular adenosine is rapidly metabolized either via phosphorylation to adenosine monophosphate by adenosine kinase, or via deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase in the cytosol.

Important The metabolism module of DrugBank is currently in beta. Questions or suggestions? Please contact us.

Substrate Enzymes Product
Adenosine
    		Adenosine monophosphate Details
    Adenosine
      		Inosine Details
      Route of elimination Not Available
      Half life Less than 10 secs
      Clearance Not Available
      Toxicity Not Available
      Affected organisms
      • Humans and other mammals
      Pathways Not Available
      理化性质
      Properties
      State solid
      Experimental Properties
      Property Value Source
      melting point 235.5 °C PhysProp
      water solubility 8230 mg/L Not Available
      logP -1.05 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
      Predicted Properties
      Property Value Source
      water solubility 1.40e+01 g/l ALOGPS
      logP -1.2 ALOGPS
      logP -2.1 ChemAxon
      logS -1.3 ALOGPS
      pKa (strongest acidic) 12.45 ChemAxon
      pKa (strongest basic) 4.99 ChemAxon
      physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
      hydrogen acceptor count 8 ChemAxon
      hydrogen donor count 4 ChemAxon
      polar surface area 139.54 ChemAxon
      rotatable bond count 2 ChemAxon
      refractivity 63.2 ChemAxon
      polarizability 25.27 ChemAxon
      药物相互作用
      Drug Interaction
      Aminophylline This xanthine decreases the effect of adenosine
      Caffeine Caffeine may diminish the therapeutic effect of adenosine. Specific management recommendations vary slightly depending on specific adenosine product used (i.e., therapeutic vs. diagnostic use of adenosine). Significantly higher adenosine doses, or alternative agents, may be required. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of adenosine if the patient is already receiving caffeine. Discontinue caffeine in advance (5 half-lives, or approximately 24 hours, is specifically recommended) of scheduled diagnostic use of adenosine (e.g., for radionuclide imaging studies) whenever possible.
      Dipyridamole Dipyridamole may increase the effect/toxicity of adenosine.
      Dyphylline This xanthine decreases the effect of adenosine
      Oxtriphylline This xanthine decreases the effect of adenosine
      Theophylline Theophylline may decrease the effect of adenosine.
      食物相互作用
      • Avoid caffeine containing foods and drinks.

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