药品详细
Amyl Nitrite(亚硝酸异戊酯)
化学结构式图
中文名
亚硝酸异戊酯
英文名
Amyl Nitrite
分子式
C5H11NO2
化学名
pentyl nitrite
分子量
Average: 117.1463
Monoisotopic: 117.078978601
Monoisotopic: 117.078978601
CAS号
110-46-3
ATC分类
V03A 未知
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved
商品名
同义名
基本介绍
Amyl Nitrite is an antihypertensive medicine. Amyl nitrite is employed medically to treat heart diseases such as angina and to treat cyanide poisoning. Like other alkyl nitrites, amyl nitrite is bioactive in mammals, being a vasodilator which is the basis of its use as a prescription medicine. As an inhalant, it also has psychoactive effect which has led to illegal drug use.
生产厂家
封装厂家
参考
| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
| General Reference | Not Available |
剂型
规格
化合物类型
| Type | small molecule |
| Classes | Not Available |
| Substructures | Not Available |
适应症
药理
| Indication | For the rapid relief of angina pectoris. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Amyl nitrite, in common with other alkyl nitrites, is a potent vasodilator. It expands blood vessels, resulting in lowering of the blood pressure. Alkyl nitrite functions as a source of nitric oxide, which signals for relaxation of the involuntary muscles. Physical effects include decrease in blood pressure, headache, flushing of the face, increased heart rate, dizziness, and relaxation of involuntary muscles, especially the blood vessel walls and the anal sphincter. There are no withdrawal symptoms. |
| Mechanism of action | Amyl nitrite's antianginal action is thought to be the result of a reduction in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure (afterload) and decreased cardiac output because of peripheral vasodilation, rather than coronary artery dilation. As an antidote (to cyanide poisoning), amyl nitrite promotes formation of methemoglobin, which combines with cyanide to form nontoxic cyanmethemoglobin. |
| Absorption | Amyl nitrite vapors are absorbed rapidly through the pulmonary alveoli, manifesting therapeutic effects within one minute after inhalation. |
| Volume of distribution | Not Available |
| Protein binding | Not Available |
| Metabolism |
Hepatic. The drug is metabolized rapidly, probably by hydrolytic denitration; approximately one-third of the inhaled amyl nitrite is excreted in the urine.
|
| Route of elimination | Not Available |
| Half life | Not Available |
| Clearance | Not Available |
| Toxicity | Overdose symptoms include nausea, emesis (vomiting), hypotension, hypoventilation, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and syncope (fainting) |
| Affected organisms |
|
| Pathways | Not Available |
理化性质
| Properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | liquid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Experimental Properties | Not Available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predicted Properties |
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药物相互作用
| Drug | Interaction |
|---|---|
| Dihydroergotamine | Possible antagonism of action |
| Ergotamine | Possible antagonism of action |
| Methysergide | Possible antagonism of action |
| Treprostinil | Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use. |
食物相互作用
Not Available
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