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药品详细

Biotin(生物素)

化学结构式图
中文名
生物素
英文名
Biotin
分子式
C10H16N2O3S
化学名
5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxo-hexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazolidin-4-yl]pentanoic acid
分子量
Average: 244.311
Monoisotopic: 244.088163078
CAS号
58-85-5
ATC分类
A11H 未知
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved, nutraceutical
商品名
同义名
基本介绍

A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. [PubChem]

生产厂家
    封装厂家
    参考
    Synthesis Reference Not Available
    General Reference
    1. Holmberg A, Blomstergren A, Nord O, Lukacs M, Lundeberg J, Uhlen M: The biotin-streptavidin interaction can be reversibly broken using water at elevated temperatures. Electrophoresis. 2005 Feb;26(3):501-10. Pubmed
    剂型
    规格
    化合物类型
    Type small molecule
    Classes
    • Biotin and Derivatives
    Substructures
    • Biotin and Derivatives
    • Ethers
    • Hydroxy Compounds
    • Acetates
    • Ureas and Derivatives
    • Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
    • Heterocyclic compounds
    • Thienoimidazoles
    • Imidazolidines
    适应症
    药理
    Indication For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance.
    Pharmacodynamics Biotin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin which is composed of an ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. Biotin is used in cell growth, the production of fatty acids, metabolism of fats, and amino acids. It plays a role in the Kreb cycle, which is the process in which energy is released from food. Biotin not only assists in various metabolic chemical conversions, but also helps with the transfer of carbon dioxide. Biotin is also helpful in maintaining a steady blood sugar level. Biotin is often recommended for strengthening hair and nails. Consequenty, it is found in many cosmetic and health products for the hair and skin. Biotin deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of biotin. Initial symptoms of biotin deficiency include: Dry skin, Seborrheic dermatitis, Fungal infections, rashes including erythematous periorofacial macular rash, fine and brittle hair, and hair loss or total alopecia. If left untreated, neurological symptoms can develop, including mild depression, which may progress to profound lassitude and, eventually, to somnolence; changes in mental status, generalized muscular pains (myalgias), hyperesthesias and paresthesias. The treatment for biotin deficiency is to simply start taking some biotin supplements. A lack of biotin in infants will lead to a condition called seborrheic dermatitis or "cradle cap". Biotin deficiencies are extremely rare in adults but if it does occur, it will lead to anemia, depression, hair loss, high blood sugar levels, muscle pain, nausea, loss of appetite and inflamed mucous membranes.
    Mechanism of action Biotin is necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes that transport carboxyl units and fix carbon dioxide, and is required for various metabolic functions, including gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, propionate metabolism, and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids.
    Absorption Systemic - approximately 50%
    Volume of distribution Not Available
    Protein binding Not Available
    Metabolism
    Not Available
    Route of elimination Not Available
    Half life Not Available
    Clearance Not Available
    Toxicity Prolonged skin contact may cause irritation.
    Affected organisms
    • Humans and other mammals
    Pathways Not Available
    理化性质
    Properties
    State solid
    Experimental Properties
    Property Value Source
    melting point 232 dec °C PhysProp
    water solubility 220 mg/L (at 25 °C) MERCK INDEX (1996)
    logP 0.5 Not Available
    Predicted Properties
    Property Value Source
    water solubility 1.22e+00 g/l ALOGPS
    logP 0.17 ALOGPS
    logP 0.32 ChemAxon
    logS -2.3 ALOGPS
    pKa (strongest acidic) 4.4 ChemAxon
    pKa (strongest basic) -1.9 ChemAxon
    physiological charge -1 ChemAxon
    hydrogen acceptor count 3 ChemAxon
    hydrogen donor count 3 ChemAxon
    polar surface area 78.43 ChemAxon
    rotatable bond count 5 ChemAxon
    refractivity 60.05 ChemAxon
    polarizability 24.92 ChemAxon
    药物相互作用
    食物相互作用
    Not Available

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