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药品详细

Xanthophyll(叶黄素)

化学结构式图
中文名
叶黄素
英文名
Xanthophyll
分子式
C40H56O2
化学名
4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol
分子量
Average: 568.8714
Monoisotopic: 568.428031036
CAS号
127-40-2
ATC分类
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved, nutraceutical
商品名
同义名
基本介绍

Xanthophylls are yellow pigments from the carotenoid group that are widespread in nature. They are present in egg yolk, algae, and petals of yellow flowers, among other sources. The xanthophylls include lutein, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and α- and β-cryptoxanthin, of which lutein is the primary ingested one.

生产厂家
    封装厂家
    参考
    Synthesis Reference Not Available
    General Reference
    1. Namitha KK, Negi PS: Chemistry and biotechnology of carotenoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010 Sep;50(8):728-60. Pubmed
    2. Ma L, Lin XM: Effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on aspects of eye health. J Sci Food Agric. 2010 Jan 15;90(1):2-12. Pubmed
    剂型
    规格
    化合物类型
    Type small molecule
    Classes
    • Xanthophylls
    Substructures
    • Hydroxy Compounds
    • Alkanes and Alkenes
    • Xanthophylls
    • Monoterpenes
    • Isoprenes
    • Alcohols and Polyols
    • Cyclohexenes and Derivatives
    适应症
    药理
    Indication Xanthophylls are taken for nutritional supplementation, and also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance.
    Pharmacodynamics Lutein was found to be present in a concentrated area of the macula, a small area of the retina responsible for central vision. The hypothesis for the natural concentration is that lutein helps protect from oxidative stress and high-energy light. Several studies show that an increase in macula pigmentation decreases the risk for eye diseases such as Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).
    Mechanism of action Xanthophylls have antioxidant activity and react with active oxygen species, producing biologically active degradation products. They also can inhibit peroxidation of membrane phospholipids and reduce lipofuscin formation, both of which contribute to their antioxidant properties. Lutein is naturally present in the macula of the human retina. It filters out potentially phototoxic blue light and near-ultraviolet radiation from the macula. The protective effect is due in part, to the reactive oxygen species quenching ability of these carotenoids. Lutein is more stable to decomposition by pro-oxidants than are other carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lycopene. Lutein is abundant in the region surrounding the fovea, and lutein is the predominant pigment at the outermost periphery of the macula. Zeaxanthin, which is fully conjugated (lutein is not), may offer somewhat better protection than lutein against phototoxic damage caused by blue and near-ultraviolet light radiation. Lutein is one of only two carotenoids that have been identified in the human lens, may be protective against age-related increases in lens density and cataract formation. Again, the possible protection afforded by lutein may be accounted for, in part, by its reactive oxygen species scavenging abilities. Carotenoids also provide protection from cancer. One of the mechanisms of this is by increasing the expression of the protein connexin-43, thereby stimulating gap junctional communication and preventing unrestrained cell proliferation.
    Absorption Not Available
    Volume of distribution Not Available
    Protein binding Not Available
    Metabolism
    Not Available
    Route of elimination Not Available
    Half life Not Available
    Clearance Not Available
    Toxicity Not Available
    Affected organisms
    • Humans and other mammals
    Pathways Not Available
    理化性质
    Properties
    State liquid
    Experimental Properties
    Property Value Source
    melting point 196 °C PhysProp
    water solubility Insoluble Not Available
    logP 7.9 Not Available
    Predicted Properties
    Property Value Source
    water solubility 7.32e-04 g/l ALOGPS
    logP 8.29 ALOGPS
    logP 8.55 ChemAxon
    logS -5.9 ALOGPS
    pKa (strongest acidic) 18.22 ChemAxon
    pKa (strongest basic) -0.91 ChemAxon
    physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
    hydrogen acceptor count 2 ChemAxon
    hydrogen donor count 2 ChemAxon
    polar surface area 40.46 ChemAxon
    rotatable bond count 10 ChemAxon
    refractivity 195.06 ChemAxon
    polarizability 72.79 ChemAxon
    药物相互作用
    食物相互作用
    Not Available

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