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药品详细

Scopolamine(东莨菪碱)

化学结构式图
中文名
东莨菪碱
英文名
Scopolamine
分子式
C17H21NO4
化学名
(1R,2R,4S,5S,7S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.0^{2,4}]nonan-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
分子量
Average: 303.3529
Monoisotopic: 303.147058165
CAS号
51-34-3
ATC分类
A04A 未知;N05C 未知;S01F 扩瞳药及睫状肌麻痹药
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved
商品名
同义名
基本介绍

An alkaloid from Solanaceae, especially Datura metel L. and Scopola carniolica. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like atropine, but may have more central nervous system effects. Among the many uses are as an anesthetic premedication, in urinary incontinence, in motion sickness, as an antispasmodic, and as a mydriatic and cycloplegic. [PubChem]

生产厂家
  • Boca pharmacal inc
  • Private formulations inc
封装厂家
参考
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference
  1. Putcha L, Cintron NM, Tsui J, Vanderploeg JM, Kramer WG: Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of scopolamine in normal subjects. Pharm Res. 1989 Jun;6(6):481-5. Pubmed
剂型
规格
化合物类型
Type small molecule
Classes Not Available
Substructures Not Available
适应症
药理
Indication For the treatment of excessive salivation, colicky abdominal pain, bradycardia, sialorrhoea, diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome and motion sickness.
Pharmacodynamics Scopolamine is a muscarinic antagonist structurally similar to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and acts by blocking the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and is thus classified as an anticholinergic. Scopolamine has many uses including the prevention of motion sickness. It is not clear how Scopolamine prevents nausea and vomiting due to motion sickness. The vestibular part of the ear is very important for balance. When a person becomes disoriented due to motion, the vestibule sends a signal through nerves to the vomiting center in the brain, and vomiting occurs. Acetylcholine is a chemical that nerves use to transmit messages to each other. It is believe that Scopolamine prevents communication between the nerves of the vestibule and the vomiting center in the brain by blocking the action of acetylcholine. Scopolamine also may work directly on the vomiting center. Scopolamine must be taken before the onset of motion sickness to be effective.
Mechanism of action Scopolamine acts by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses by acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system (specifically the vomiting center).
Absorption Bioavailability is 10 - 50%
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination Less than 10% of the total dose is excreted in the urine as parent and metabolites over 108 hours.
Half life 4.5 hours
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
理化性质
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 59 °C PhysProp
water solubility 1E+005 mg/L YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
logP 0.98 SANGSTER (1994)
Caco2 permeability -4.93 ADME Research, USCD
pKa 7.75 (at 25 °C) SANGSTER,J (1994)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
water solubility 6.61e+00 g/l ALOGPS
logP 1.4 ALOGPS
logP 0.89 ChemAxon
logS -1.7 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 15.15 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) 6.95 ChemAxon
physiological charge 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 4 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 1 ChemAxon
polar surface area 62.3 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 5 ChemAxon
refractivity 79.72 ChemAxon
polarizability 31.41 ChemAxon
药物相互作用
Drug Interaction
Cinitapride Anticholinergic agents like scopolamine may reduce the action of cinitapride.
Donepezil Possible antagonism of action
Galantamine Possible antagonism of action
Haloperidol The anticholinergic increases the risk of psychosis and tardive dyskinesia
Tacrine The therapeutic effects of the central acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Tacrine, and/or the anticholinergic, Scopolamine, may be reduced due to antagonism. The interaction may be beneficial when the anticholinergic action is a side effect. Monitor for decreased efficacy of both agents.
Trimethobenzamide Trimethobenzamide and Scopolamine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhance their adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
Triprolidine Triprolidine and Scopolamine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhance their adverse/toxic effects. Additive CNS depressant effects may also occur. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic and CNS depressant effects.
Trospium Trospium and Scopolamine, two anticholinergics, may cause additive anticholinergic effects and enhanced adverse/toxic effects. Monitor for enhanced anticholinergic effects.
食物相互作用
Not Available

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