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药品详细

Potassium Chloride(氯化钾)

化学结构式图
中文名
氯化钾
英文名
Potassium Chloride
分子式
ClK
化学名
potassium chloride
分子量
Average: 74.551
Monoisotopic: 73.932559568
CAS号
7447-40-7
ATC分类
A12B 未知;B05X 未知
药物类型
small molecule
阶段
approved, withdrawn
商品名
同义名
基本介绍

A white crystal or crystalline powder used as an electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers and explosives.

生产厂家
  • Abbott laboratories pharmaceutical products div
  • Abraxis pharmaceutical products
  • Akorn inc
  • Apothecon inc div bristol myers squibb
  • App pharmaceuticals llc
  • B braun medical inc
  • Baxter healthcare corp
  • Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
  • Copley pharmaceutical inc
  • Eli lilly and co
  • Eurand america inc
  • Future pak ltd
  • Gd searle llc
  • Hospira inc
  • International medication system
  • Kv pharmaceutical co
  • Luitpold pharmaceuticals inc
  • Miles laboratories inc
  • Novartis pharmaceuticals corp
  • Novo nordisk inc
  • Pharma serve inc sub torigian laboratories
  • Savage laboratories inc div altana inc
  • Schering corp
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Upsher smith laboratories inc
  • Upsher-Smith Laboratories Inc.
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Watson laboratories inc florida
封装厂家
参考
Synthesis Reference Not Available
General Reference Not Available
剂型
规格
化合物类型
Type small molecule
Classes
  • Inorganic Ions and Gases
Substructures
  • Inorganic Ions and Gases
适应症
药理
Indication For use as an electrolyte replenisher and in the treatment of hypokalemia.
Pharmacodynamics The potassium ion is in the principle intracellular cation of most body tissues. Potassium ions participate in a number of essential physiological processes including the maintenance of intracellular tonicity, the transmission of nerve impulses, the contraction of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle, and the maintenance of normal renal function. The intracellular concentration of potassium is approximately 150 to 160 mEq per liter. The normal adult plasma concentration is 3.5 to 5 mEq per liter. An active ion transport system maintains this gradient across the plasma membrane. Potassium is a normal dietary constituent and under steady-state conditions the amount of potassium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine. The usual dietary intake of potassium is 50 to 100 mEq per day. Potassium depletion will occur whenever the rate of potassium loss through renal excretion and/or loss from the gastrointestinal tract exceeds the rate of potassium intake. Such depletion usually develops as a consequence of therapy with diuretics, primarily or secondary hyperaldosteronism, diabetic ketoacidosis, or inadequate replacement of potassium in patients on prolonged parenteral nutrition. Depletion can develop rapidly with severe diarrhea, especially if associated with vomiting. Potassium depletion due to these causes is usually accompanied by concomitant loss of chloride and is manifested by hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Potassium depletion may produce weakness, fatigue, disturbances of cardiac rhythm (primarily ectopic beats), prominent U-waves in the electrocardiogram, and, in advanced cases, flaccid paralysis and/or impaired ability to concentrate urine. If potassium depletion associated with metabolic alkalosis cannot be managed by correcting the fundamental cause of the deficiency, e.g., where the patient requires long-term diuretic therapy, supplemental potassium in the form of high potassium food or potassium chloride may be able to restore normal potassium levels. In rare circumstances (e.g., patients with renal tubular acidosis) potassium depletion may be associated with metabolic acidosis and hyperchloremia. In such patients, potassium replacement should be accomplished with potassium salts other than the chloride, such as potassium bicarbonate, potassium citrate, potassium acetate, or potassium gluconate.
Mechanism of action Supplemental potassium in the form of high potassium food or potassium chloride may be able to restore normal potassium levels.
Absorption Potassium is a normal dietary constituent and under steady-state conditions the amount of potassium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine.
Volume of distribution Not Available
Protein binding Not Available
Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination Potassium is a normal dietary constituent and, under steady-state conditions, the amount of potassium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine. Potassium depletion will occur whenever the rate of potassium loss through renal excretion and/or loss from the gastrointestinal tract exceeds the rate of potassium intake.
Half life Not Available
Clearance Not Available
Toxicity The administration of oral potassium salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for potassium rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired, of if potassium is administered too rapidly intravenously, potentially fatal hyperkalemia can result. It is important to recognize that hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic and may be manifested only by an increased serum potassium concentration (6.5-8.0 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T-waves, loss of P-wave, depression of S-T segment, and prolongation of the QT interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9-12 mEq/L).
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals
Pathways Not Available
理化性质
Properties
State solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point 770 °C Not Available
water solubility Freely soluble Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
logP 0.2 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest acidic) -7 ChemAxon
physiological charge -1 ChemAxon
hydrogen acceptor count 0 ChemAxon
hydrogen donor count 0 ChemAxon
polar surface area 0 ChemAxon
rotatable bond count 0 ChemAxon
refractivity 0 ChemAxon
polarizability 1.78 ChemAxon
药物相互作用
Drug Interaction
Clidinium Anticholinergic agents such as clidinium may enhance the ulcerogenic effect of potassium chloride. Solid oral dosage forms of potassium chloride are contraindicated in patients with impaired gastric emptying (e.g., due to the effects of drugs such as many anticholinergics). Patients on drugs with substantial anticholinergic effects should avoid using any solid oral dosage form of potassium chloride; liquid or effervescent potassium preparations are possible alternatives.
Telmisartan Potassium Chloride may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Telmisartan. Monitor serum potassium levels during concomitant use.
Tiotropium The ulcerative effects of solid oral dosage forms of KCl may be enhanced by Tiotropium, an anticholinergic. Anticholinergics slow gastric emptying, increasing the contact time between the gastrointestinal mucosa and KCl. Prolonged exposure to KCl increases the risk of gastric and intestinal irritation and ulceration. Solid oral dosage forms of KCl should be avoided; alternatives include liquid or effervescent potassium preparations.
Tolterodine The ulcerative effects of solid oral dosage forms of KCl may be enhanced by the anticholinergic, Tolterodine. Anticholinergics slow gastric emptying, increasing the contact time between the gastrointestinal mucosa and KCl. Prolonged exposure to KCl increases the risk of gastric and intestinal irritation and ulceration. Solid oral dosage forms of KCl should be avoided; alternatives include liquid or effervescent potassium preparations.
Trandolapril The potassium salt may increase the hyperkalemic effect of Trandolapril.
Trihexyphenidyl The ulcerative effects of solid oral dosage forms of KCl may be enhanced by Trihexyphenidyl, an anticholinergic. Anticholinergics slow gastric emptying, increasing the contact time between the gastrointestinal mucosa and KCl. Prolonged exposure to KCl increases the risk of gastric and intestinal irritation and ulceration. Solid oral dosage forms of KCl should be avoided; alternatives include liquid or effervescent potassium preparations.
Trimethobenzamide The ulcerative effects of solid oral dosage forms of KCl may be enhanced by Trimethobenzamide, an anticholinergic. Anticholinergics slow gastric emptying, increasing the contact time between the gastrointestinal mucosa and KCl. Prolonged exposure to KCl increases the risk of gastric and intestinal irritation and ulceration. Solid oral dosage forms of KCl should be avoided; alternatives include liquid or effervescent potassium preparations.
Trospium The ulcerative effects of solid oral dosage forms of KCl may be enhanced by Trospium, an anticholinergic. Anticholinergics slow gastric emptying, increasing the contact time between the gastrointestinal mucosa and KCl. Prolonged exposure to KCl increases the risk of gastric and intestinal irritation and ulceration. Solid oral dosage forms of KCl should be avoided; alternatives include liquid or effervescent potassium preparations.
食物相互作用
  • Take with a full glass of water Take after a full meal.

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