Methods of preparing and compositions comprising derivatives of (-)-venlafaxine are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of treating and preventing diseases and disorders including but not limited to affective disorders such as depression bipolar and manic disorders attention deficit disorder attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity Parkinson's disease epilepsy cerebral function disorders obesity and weight gain incontinence dementia and related disorders.

L-malate salts of (6-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl) carbonyloxy]-7-oxo-67-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[34-b]pyrazine) are provided.

Besylate salts of (6-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)carbonyloxy]-7-oxo-67-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[34-b]pyrazine) are provided.

Compositions and methods for the prevention and/or treatment of airway and/or respiratory disorders are provided. The compositions comprise arformoterol (the (RR)-formoterol isomer) and tiotropium.

Compositions and methods for the prevention and/or treatment of airway and/or respiratory disorders are provided. The compositions comprise arformoterol (the (RR)-formoterol isomer) and tiotropium.

Use of a composition comprising a compound of formula I:or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the preparation of a medicament for use in providing symptomatic relief from dermal irritation wherein the induction of cardiac arrhythmia is avoided said treatment comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I to a human patient whose hepatic function is not impaired.